Leak test equipment manufacturers in usa. Fuji Tecom Inc. Contact Supplier. – Solid Filled / Air Filled packages are tested while submerged in water. "Leak Testing Equipment Market” Report (Size-Share, Analysis) 2024-2032 Uson provides automatic air leak and flow measurement equipment and solutions used in product development and manufacturing environments for medical device, automotive, electric vehicle battery, packaging and industrial applications. Safe Payment. The model of leak tester is used to detecting 50L~220L jerrycans. Let us know what you are looking for. Automate your testing for more accurate, reliable, and efficient leak detection. The company's product range includes vacuum leak testing equipment, vacuum pumps and accessories, positive displacement liquid pumps, and filtration products. Est. Package integrity is often an important characteristic of package performance. Uson leak testers are highly configurable and are built with premium components ensuring maximum Digital Single Chamber Helium Leak Testing Machines. Local Interface: Digital Front Panel. Air pressure leak tester and flow tester. 000 Pa / 0,00 - 10,00 Nm³/h | Wöhler DP 600. Nov 29, 2023 · In Part 2 of our series, we delve into the fundamental techniques of leak testing using air as the testing medium. The configurable designs of Zaxis leak testers make them ideal for Find out more MEDICAL Since changes in USA pharmacopoeial standards recognised helium leak testing as the "most sensitive" technology we have helped manufacturers implement clean room viable leak test solutions. , Ltd. vacuum leak tester PG-100L/PG-200L. Manufacturer Overview. Profile Solutions is a leading & trusted vision systems & leak testers supplier in the USA. With decades of experience & extensive expertise in the field, Book a consultation with us for your machine vision & leak detection solutions. Email: sales@360marketupdates. (formerly Test Techno Consultants), was incorporated in 1989 and has become India’s Leading manufacturer, of Packaging Testing Equipment for the Food / Pharmaceutical / FMCG Industry. 5 · 10 -10 Pa · m³/s. GmbH has been a manufacturer of the entire range of technical equipment used to detect and locate leakages on drinking-water supply pipeline network systems. Leave the engineering to us. Supplier: InspectorTools. With over 45 years of industry experience, we connect applications with engineered solutions to meet your exacting requirements. Professional solutions for finding pool leaks and getting the leak repair work done right. is a manufacturer of leak detection and location technology products established in 1972 and located in Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan. ₹ 60 Lakh. This includes equipment that tests the accuracy of an aircraft’s instrument gauges by creating simulated flying pressure conditions, as well as aircraft The mobile handheld device locates leaks in compressed air lines and in steam, gas and vacuum systems both safely and precisely. Retrotec EU Hardermaat 12 7244PZ Barchem Netherlands +31 (0) 522 282941 Leak detection technologies. A Leak Tester was used to test the quality Leak Test Apparatus Manufacturers, Suppliers & Exporters in USA Microscopes Lab Equipment; Leak Test Apparatus Manufacturer, Suppliers and Exporter in USA Manufacturer. Specifications include 30 to 90 shore durometer rating, 0. Technical support, training and test bench consultancy. Our USP <1207> and ASTM (F-3287-17) recognized differential pressure decay leak tester ± 7. These fast and accurate instruments are customized for each application to make sure it meets the designated leak rate specifications. Uson is the premiere provider of air leak testing equipment and solutions for medical device, automotive, packaging and industrial manufacturers globally. International Reps. Uson provides automatic non-destructive air leak and flow measurement equipment and solutions used in product development and manufacturing environments for medical device, automotive, electric vehicle battery, packaging and industrial applications. Applying best-match leak test technology as required, InterTech supplies elite manufacturers of automotive products, cost-effective leading-edge testing equipment to meet ISO/TS Leak detection technologies. Stainless Steel Digital Leak Test Equipment. S. A leading manufacturer and suppliers of Helium Leak test machines & Helium recovery equipments. Many of our products can perform vacuum decay leak tests, and your most suitable option will depend on your specifications. 14 in. Leading industrial manufacturers around the world depend on Uson leak testing equipment. Contact. The test involves filling the system with a test liquid, usually water, and raising the pressure to a desired level. com Leak Testing Equipment directory - updated information on Leak Testing Equipment manufacturers and suppliers from across the globe Cincinnati Test Systems (CTS) is a world leading designer and manufacturer of standard and custom leak test systems and leak detection equipment. 13 in. In any sensor-based NDT test methods, including leak testing the accuracy of sensors will inevitably have bearing on the test results. Leak testing is critical to ensuring proper product quality, safety, and performance. Our deterministic test methods eliminate subjectivity and conform to ASTM standards. The Vacuum Leakage Tester is used to check a non-porous, closed packages for leakage / pinholes / tunnel defects. to 170 in. I think we can all agree on that. The Differential pressure decay leak tester DP 600 series, manufactured by Wohler, is mainly used for fluegas evacuation systems utilization. Pole Rd Everson, WA 98247. Commonly encountered in testing flexible packaging, dunk testing is Canadian-based manufacturers providing exceptional seal integrity testing equipment. These R&D efforts have achieved unparalleled accuracy, speed, R&R, reliability, and convenience in production line leak testing, flow testing, and functional testing. Jan 15, 2024 · Vacuum Deflection Leak Testing. Our team offers air leak and flow testing solutions for Research Managers, Production Managers and System Integrators to help you achieve your testing requirements at every stage of the product manufacturing process. Featured Products. Since 1963 Uson has taken the leak testing technology we first developed for NASA and applied it to a wide range of automated industrial assembly applications. Our international database contains 43,476 manufacturers and 4,750 distributors In this transition to a more sustainable future, which has greatly accelerated the evolution of the market, ForTest is at the side of automotive companies. Speak with an engineer or view our buying guides. The test object itself is at the center Our Clients. TQC have been supplying automatic leak test/pressure test equipment and solutions for over 35 years. A. (CTS) has been delivering precision leak detection equipment, function test systems, and assembly verification testing to manufacturers throughout the world since 1981. Customers in nearly every manufacturing industry have come to rely on their FlexPak Leak Detectors, and we’re honored to hold that responsibility. As your go-to fluid metering pump and air leak test manufacturer, Zaxis is ready to meet your production requirements. 9 Mil Revenue. Available in 1,200 cpm testing speed. Contact Now. Funny. Helium Leak Testing, Inc. Our high-performance leak testers are sensitive, accurate, and purpose-built for medical device manufacturing. 87. 56 in. These systems have included simple, manually connected leak test fixtures to fully automatic, robotic and high-speed production leak test facilities. 1-855-738-7683 [email protected] EU Office. 360marketupdates. The selection of a suitable technology for leak testing depends on various influencing factors. Vacuum Solutions (LVS) Leak Test Solutions (LTS) LACO News. As an ISO 9001:2015 certified manufacturer and supplier, we operate facilities in Texas and Louisiana. Our air leak testers for the automotive industry include: 7i Air Leak Tester. Cincinnati Test Systems (CTS) based in Harrison, OHIO (USA) Cincinnati Test Systems, Inc. Helium Leak Testing Applications ranging from Automotive, Medium Voltage Switchgears, High Pressure CNG Parts, Refrigerant components are few to name. There are numerous reliable leak test methods, each with unique characteristics that make it favorable for IEC: The world's leading organization that publishes International Standards for all electrotechnology. Leak Testing Equipment - TMULD-300 - Ultrasonic Leak Detector w/Transmitter Kit -- FL2731543. The customer’s requirements are at the forefront and each leak testing solution is designed Jun 16, 2022 · Mechanical Research & Design, Inc. Global lithium-ion battery-cell production is expected to increase from 280 GWh today to 2,600 GWh in 2030. Isaac HD Modular Air Leak Tester. Air leak testing is a critical step in any automotive manufacturing process, and Zaxis provides a variety of leak testing solutions to match your needs. (989) 686-6200 M-F 8-5:30 Locate Leak Testing Equipment suppliers, manufacturers & distributors in United States. Uson is the premiere global provider of leak testing equipment and solutions for the medical device , automotive , electric vehicle, industrial and packaging industries. Leak testing and flow testing equipment for the industry. 5 in. They also can detect leaks in auto parts such as filter caps, motors, gear boxes, and much more. Manufacturers across many sectors rely on our 40+ years of expertise to get the right leak detection solutions to help them ship leak-free products. Our vast product range consists of Compression, Tensile, Torque, Leak, Burst Testers and also multi purpose machines. But whether the need is a versatile, multi-sensor tester with increased flexibility, a multi-range single channel tester with integral pneumatics, or a small footprint, bench top model, medical equipment manufacturers turn to us. It has a tightness testing of with leakage rate of 200. Our Helium Leak Detector (HLD), PHD-4 and Multi-Gas CrossLab sniffers, as well as C15 component leak Apr 8, 2024 · Insightful. , founded in 2003 in Salt Lake City, USA, is a distributor of vacuum and fluid handling equipment. The instruments created to calibrate, measure, and examine new products is a natural part of product development and engineering. Further to its tire pressure monitoring sensor (TPMS) and leak testing divisions, ATEQ has an aviation division which sells testing equipment to aircraft manufacturers and repair stations. Minneapolis Blower Doors DUCT-KIT-001 Series B 110V system with DG-1000 Pressure and The VTech UNO-H is designed for leak testing of coils and other components as well as refrigeration and A/C sealed systems in a production environment. While the straightforward method involves dunk testing, where compressed air is pushed into the test piece underwater, the approach has notable limitations. RETURN MONEY. Whether you need a pressure decay air leak tester or highly reliable fluid metering pump, our USA-made leak test fixtures and dispensing pumps will get the job done. of duct at 4 in. We can also certify our equipment to s pecific IP rating requirements. 24/7 Help Center. SP Leak Test And Automation Private Limited. Our Pharmaceutical instruments comply with the USP & IP Standards. T0730 is the ForTest® calibrated leak series for verifying leaks during automated test with 1/8” pneumatic connector or with Staubli® male connector. Air Techniques International (ATI) is a leading designer and manufacturer of specialized testing equipment for HEPA filters, media, filter cartridges, respirators and protective masks. 85 Lakh. For flow control, our products are perfect for checking cookers, heat exchanges, and burners. Zaxis leads the market by manufacturing USA-made air leak testing solutions for industrial production lines. has always taken an innovative approach to general sealing and leak testing functions. TAPIR HL 2216 A. 10-49 Employees. Define proper leak levels, hole sizes and test seal strength. Available in 1. Our products and services extend to oil and gas refineries, liquefied natural gas (LNG), chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, power generation, pipeline, engineering, procurement, construction (EPC's) and other various industrial process manufacturing TAPIR leak detectors are powerful detection devices for all applications. Call us today! leak testing equipment - Germany / Find a Manufacturer producer in 'Stuttgart, Freiburg and Baden-Wurtemberg' that specialises in the 'leak testing equipment' field Jan 19, 2023 · Where technical specifications can fall short. We are known as the leak detection experts in Medical Device Leak Testing Equipment for A Variety of Applications and Needs. Wa are experts of Leak detection with many satisfied customers around TRACER GAS LEAK TESTERS. The greatest capacity tester running on 115v, 15A circuit on systems from +/- 0. (ATEC). FOR YOUR TESTING NEEDS! 49 years after its creation, ATEQ is now a 170 M€ company with offices in 40 countries selling and servicing more than 275,000 leak testers installed in more than 5,000 customers worldwide. Manufacturer of leak test seals, including bullet nose, flat face, inverted nose, tapered stem, round, clamshell, gasket, and non-molded cut seals. Zaxis understands quality. Jul 7, 2023 · Hydrostatic testing, or a hydrotest, is the process of testing piping systems, pressure vessels, gas cylinders, fuel tanks, and boilers for leaks. Operating Temperature: 14 to 140 F. Leak Test Method: Ultrasonic Leak Detector. We have the largest selection of Multimeters, Oscilloscopes, Thermal Imagers, Tools and more. Explore your options, then call 801-264-1000 for assistance ISO 9001:2008 & ISO 14001:2004 certified worldwide manufacturer of gas leak detection equipment. to 13. Interactive map of United States provided. Home inspection equipment suppliers: check with any home inspection equipment supplier; Smoke test equipment manufacturers can refer you to local distributors for smoke pencils or other smoke testing and air testing or air movement testing equipment. Apr 5, 2024 · Phone : US +1 424 253 0946. Our qualified technicians can provide maintenance and repair services on all models of helium leak detectors. We also manufacture Food Texture Analysers. 5 · 10 -13 Pa · m³/s. No matter your industry, we have the testing supplies you need. Calibration services. Pharmaceutical Leak Testing Services. We are happy to answer any questions you may have. Free Shipping. USA INDUSTRIES - Since 1982. The test’s 3D scanning technology offers sensitive results, detecting leaks as low as 5 microns depending on the pack type and material used. $126. From its position as the world leader in Leak Test technologies for assembly lines, ATEQ has developed a whole range of i Find 431 Leak Testing Equipment suppliers with GlobalSpec. 1060 E. Swimming Pool Leak Detection Equipment & Kits from Leaktronics. fireplace. HELIUM LEAK DETECTORS. Our patented technology can fill the jerrycan with compressed gas in 2 seconds and complete nondestructive testing in 5 seconds. Minneapolis Blower Doors DUCT-KIT-002 Series B 110V system (no DG-1000) (10 - 1,500 CFM) $1,932. Leak detectors are made in the USA. ft. wg. The company specializes in utility inspection equipment for infrastructure maintenance applications. Minimum detectable leakage rate for helium (spray test) 5 · 10 -13 Pa · m³/s. Since 1985, F. UK +44 203 239 8187. Web: https://www. Visit our website, call us at 8777765325, or The only way to ensure complete quality is through rigorous testing with the best ASTM and FDA-compliant leak testers for medical equipment. A History of Innovation. ATEQ Offers Training, Consulting, Support, ISO 17025 Calibrations & Preventative Maintenance. Rent test equipment from the leading supplier of test and measurement instruments, Advanced Test Equipment Corp. TAPIR HL 1102 A. Yatherm Leak test apparatus is a Solid-state instrument specially designed for leakage testing of tablets & strips in the Pharmaceutical Industry. These products include pipeline and cable locators, water leak detectors T0730 - Calibrated jet. Find out more OTHER VES manufacture bespoke leak test solutions for a wide range of industries. Agilent’s range of leak detection solutions ensure the safety, security, and consistent performance of research, vacuum, and industrial process systems. PTI is the leading manufacturer of non-destructive package inspection technologies for the pharmaceutical, medical device and food industries. US$ 10000-38000 / Piece. Find Trusted Vision Systems & Leak Tester Suppliers in the USA. Learn more about various solutions Phoenix Industrial Solutions ( LSPL ) has been providing to its customers. We have off-the-shelf and custom solutions to improve testing and safety, minimize downtime and rework – which ultimately reduces your manufacturing costs. Specification of toxic gas leak include operating temperatures from -25 degrees C to 55 degrees C, humidity from 0% to 95% InterTech’s turnkey test solutions consistently lower medical device, and medical product testing costs by 25% or more. Advanced features such as data collection, networking, statistical analysis, and synchronous testing provide a Cobra Tester. or 2 in. Manufacturer of pressure and vacuum decay non-destructive rotary leak testers for the food packaging industries. 13A123) for consumable products manufactured in the USA, Leak Detection with Penetrant Testing Process. Leak detectors are Buy American Act compliant. We work hard to deliver cutting edge customer service, support and fulfillment. Our equipment is used in critical applications, and we work hard to engineer your best air leak testing solution. In the field of leak testing, a variety of technologies have been established to detect leaks, including leak testing with air, with tracer gases or optical emission spectroscopy. Our catalog includes 105,634 manufacturers, 20,969 distributors and 94,405 service providers. Leak detection gages can measure in depths from 6 in. – Liquid Product Filled packages are tested in dry condition (without water). 20 in. Minimum detectable leakage rate for helium (sniffing leak detection) 1 · 10 -8 Pa · m³/s. Field service, factory repair, preventative maintenance, and service contracts are available. Manufacturer*, Custom Manufacturer. We provide such solutions for applications ranging from complete engines to fuel injectors, transmissions, brake components, cooling systems, electrical fittings, back-up lights, axles and much more. We offer inspection systems for package leak testing, seal integrity and container closure integrity testing (CCIT). manufacturers leak and low testing instruments, consulting, training, preventative maintenance, Livonia, Michigan - USA T. Let our experts guide you to success! Ask An Expert. Minimize the risk of undetected integrity problem. Ensure Stability and Performance in Any Leak Detection Application. The equipment is designed for high productivity and can a perform a test cycle in as little as 30 seconds. Get the specific tool you need at the right price. Engineered Solutions You Can Trust! Leak detection and vacuum technology is our core. Profile. Before LeakMaster’s leak testing equipment is ever built, each mechanical aspect is created “virtually” by their accomplished mechanical engineers, utilizing Solidworks 3D CAD design software. 00. ATI offers a comprehensive portfolio of products ranging from small portable units for on-site certification to large systems used by AMETEK MOCON ’s range of package leak equipment provides an opportunity to: Make fast and accurate seal integrity testing. Unaffected by contaminants, or windy conditions Identifies For over 35 years we have worked with our customers to develop industry leading Connection Tools and technologies. Leaks in Medical devices can lead to serious consequences, including infections, inaccurate drug delivery, device failure and patient death. United States Reps. It’s the accuracy of the entire leak testing SYSTEM that needs to be considered. Our Difference. The SONAPHONE RD can also be used to inspect. This software allows them to make sure every mechanical aspect meets precise specifications in order to produce a superior leak testing instrument. Some models have no holes. Made using specific Pressure and Flow values. Synergetic Automation Private Limited. The VTech UNO-H is fully customizable in terms of test pressure, equipment lay-out and With Uson, you can expect engineered leak and functional test solutions that achieve maximum flexibility while maintaining the highest quality. Ensure your helium leak detector is operating properly by relying on the original equipment manufacturer to service your equipment. This aggressive growth prediction puts added pressure on EV battery manufacturers to produce at higher volumes without sacrificing quality or safety. Always with an eye on innovation, since 2012 the company has been based in Modena in the former Maserati factories and boasts clients in Italy and around the world, working in many sectors, such as automotive, agriculture, oil hydraulic, irrigation, mechanical Helium Leak Detectors. Vacuum Instruments Corporation is one of the world’s largest companies devoted solely to the research, design, manufacture, distribution, and service of leak detectors and complete leak detection solutions. InterTech’s medical leak testing equipment is proven to be the most cost-effective test technology for a wide range of medical devices & medical products. based in Langenbrettach, GERMANY. The purpose is to ensure the safe transfer of chemicals by reducing the risk for potentially hazardous leaks. Leak testing is performed to detect any potential leaks in the lighting components, such as headlights, taillights, turn signals, and other lighting fixtures. Medical device manufacturers also face regulatory Oct 6, 2023 · October 6, 2023. offers state-of-the-art helium leak testing equipment, maintenance and repairs. But sensors alone are never the whole story. com. Seiler Garepa is Especially known for manufacturing a premium quality range of Helium Leak Test Machine, Helium recovery Equipment, Vacuum pumps, Assembly lines in India. VIC is the only company in North America to offer both organically manufactured instruments and custom systems A non-destructive and deterministic, leak test solution for blister packs including all foil types. Jan 17, 2024 · January 17, 2024. T. The VisionScan 3D utilises a unique volumetric measurement technology (ASTM F3169-16) that enables manufacturers to identify channel leaks and defects in individual blister pockets as low as 5 micron. Also many home inspectors have and use this equipment, as do home energy auditors and "house 1-5L Small Square Oil/Paint Tin Can Making Testing Machine-Inline Leak Tester. The test object itself is at the center The test and measurement industry is a rapidly growing part of manufacturing and production. 10 to 10 in. We can help spot problems before large quantities are produced and we can detect small, but potentially serious, leaks that can affect production. . : 734-838-3100 sales@atequsa. Description: Features: Detects the ultrasonic noise created by pressure or vacuum leaks of any gas, regardless of type: CFC's, HFC's, Nitrogen, CO2, Steam, etc. Harrison, OH 45030. FlexPak has proudly been providing peace of mind around the globe for over a decade. LeakTronics Leak Detection Equipment built for plumbers, irrigation techs, HVAC technicians, and swimming pool leak detection professionals. ₹ 4. Application support and training are also available to help increase production and ensure proper leak detector operation. Leak scales varying from 200 cc/min to 100 lt/min. Our experts are standing by to help you with all your application Equipment; Test Services (e. The system requires no tooling and the large Number of Employees. 00 US Office. Top Performance Helium Leak Detectors. About Us. to 21. ATEQ Industrial Testing Instruments: Leak & Flow Testers, Battery Testers, Calibrations, Training, Consulting, Maintenance. 48044 (810) 310-3070 RV Leak Testing Equipment Manufactured in the USA! We are the world leader! Versatile CCIT1 for a wide range of applications…. G620 FLOW TESTER. NPT openings with audible alarm option. $5 - 9. Friendly Services. In this transition to a more sustainable future, which has greatly accelerated the evolution of the market, ForTest is at the side of automotive companies. Explore the latest survey on the “Leak Test Equipment Market” 2024-2032: Future trends, innovations, and key dynamics outlined in the 126 Pages Report The Global “Leak Leak Testing Solutions. 1974. ForTest designs and manufactures leak testing and flow testing equipment. Sauermann DP10UL02UN23 Delta Pack Kit with Si-10 (5gph) 230V. Types of gas leak detectors include toxic gas leak detectors, liquid solution leak detectors & voc leak detectors. To achieve these cost reductions and maintain GMP standards, InterTech utilizes an encyclopedic knowledge base of test fixture design and a wide array of leak test technology methodologies for medical device manufacturers. MIL: Establishes uniform engineering and technical requirements for military-unique prodecures. Give us a call at 847-679-3377 or fill out the form and we'll be in touch as soon as possible. Similar to the diversity of product type and applications we see, our leak testers inherently 10-49 Employees. Buy from People who know Test Equipment. outer diameter, and 0. FluidX Equipment, Inc. Uson leak testers are highly configurable and are built with premium components ensuring maximum quality, reliability and performance. 1 Piece (MOQ) Qingdao Zonida Shematec Engineering & Equipment Co. Semler Industries air-operated Drum Leak Tester is an easy, effective and reliable way to test your drums. Benefits of using our advanced leak testing solutions include: Find even the smallest leaks in parts before they leave the production line. Display Type: Digital Readouts. Browse TestEquipmentUSA for precision testing and measurement equipment, and reliable calibration services. inner diameter. Companies know the durability and endurance of every product they place on the market, regardless of its complexity and size. Yatherm is a leading manufacturer, supplier & Exporter of Leak test Apparatuses in INDIA. Test up to 24,000 sq. Sealtech Manufacturing USA 50660 Romeo Plank Macomb, MI. ATEQ Manufacturers Leak Testing and Flow Testing Equipment. Pharmaceutical Mass Extraction Vacuum Leak Testing Equipment For Vials And IV Bags. All our models are high-quality, compact machines designed to detect leaks with accurate and quick readings. Features include infeed sensors, infeed and exit conveyors, leak test At Cincinnati Test Systems, we provide the broadest portfolio of test instrumentation and verification equipment, covering all common leak test methods. Lithium-ion Battery Testing Equipment and Systems for Automotive Applications. g. View Systems. Our leak detectors increase the speed of production and minimize the risk of undetected package integrity WhO is ATEQ? ATEQ is a global manufacturer of leak/flow testing instruments used for non-destructive quality testing in a variety of industries to ensure the integrity of manufactured products. The vacuum deflection leak test is an NDT method that uses a 3D volumetric scanner to measure blister pack deflection surfaces in response to an applied vacuum. Our system is available in 3 or 7 psi pre-set limits and includes an easy-to-read control panel, hose and tubing assemblies. Minneapolis Blower Doors BD3-KIT-001 Model 3 110V system with aluminum frame and DG-1000 Pressure and Flow Gauge (300 - 6,300 C $4,334. Mild Steel Digital Twin Channel Leak Test Device. View More. Thus, leak testing is a crucial manufacturing process to ensure the functionality, safety, and effectiveness of various medical devices. Pharmaceutical leak testing is a crucial process for ensuring the safety and sterility of medical and drug packaging…. Automotive lighting leak testing is a crucial process in the automotive industry to ensure the safety and functionality of vehicle lighting systems. Multi-functional test instrument options reduce test complexity and costs. The GlobalSpec database includes 62,158 manufacturers and 16,219 distributors headquartered in the United States. Test operators then monitor the system for measurable or visible leaks during the Headquartered in Bay City, Michigan, we service worldwide for leak testing equipment for automotive, HVAC, refrigeration and appliance industries. May 3, 2023 · ALPS Inspection. Manufacturer of standard and custom leak detectors including top mounted leak detection gages. Manufacturers can incorporate stringent leak testing procedures throughout the assembly process to assure quality at every step. pneumatic for cans for empty containers. dc xm zk ii ve dp aq pv gp ae